Dialysis: An Overview of Treatment Options
How dialysis replaces kidney function, the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and how the choice is made.
Last updated: 2026-09-24
Dialysis takes over part of the work of failing kidneys — removing waste, salt and excess fluid from the blood. It becomes necessary when kidney function falls below about 15%, or earlier when symptoms or laboratory derangements demand it.
Two approaches
- Hemodialysis — blood is cleaned outside the body by a machine, typically at a centre two to three times a week
- Peritoneal dialysis — blood is cleaned inside the body using the lining of the abdomen, and can often be done at home
How the choice is made
The choice is a medical one, not a simple preference. It depends on residual kidney function, the suitability of the abdomen for peritoneal dialysis, vascular access, home circumstances and the support available. Many patients move between modalities over time.
Dialysis sustains life, but it does not cure kidney failure. Many patients on dialysis are subsequently evaluated for transplantation, which generally offers better long-term survival and quality of life.
Frequently asked questions
How long can someone live on dialysis?
Many people live for years on dialysis with good control of blood pressure, anaemia and diet. Transplant remains the option with the best long-term outlook.
Can I keep working while on dialysis?
Often yes. Home peritoneal dialysis and evening hemodialysis sessions can help people maintain a normal routine.